3.3 Graphical Method

Presenting data using the graphical method facilitates the easy comparison and interpretation of data without having to go through numerical data.

Types of Charts:
Bar Chart - represented by either vertical or horizontal rectangles whose bases represent the class intervals and whose heights represent frequencies

Examples: {Click on image to see full-sized chart.}

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Data can also be presented by using tables. Important features and significant values are easily observed when data are presented in a tabular form. Moreover, comparisons are also easily made.

Parts of a Table:

1. Table number - for easy reference to the table
2. Table title - briefly explains the content of the table
3. Column header - describes the data in each column
4. Row classifier - shows the classes or categories
5. Body - main part of the table
6. Source note - placed below the table when the data presented are not original

Example:

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The TEXTUAL METHOD is used when ungoruped data is presented in a paragraph form. The paragraph or text presents (usually through enumeration) the important characteristics of the data. It also gives emphasis to significant figures (or values) and important features of the data such as trends, irregularities and extreme values, if any.

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In order to see or observe the significant characteristics of a data set, it must be presented in an organized and systematic way. There are three ways to present data: textual, tabular, and graphical.

There are two ways of classifying data: grouped and ungrouped.

Ungrouped data - not organized; if arranged, could only be from highest to lowest or lowest to highest

Grouped data - organized and arranged into different classes or categories

Example:
A simple list of the birthdays of the students of a section is ungrouped data even if it arranged from first to last or last to first. But if it is listed by month, it is grouped data.